Eventually logical arguments arose of why Aristotle was wrong, and that the Universe was finite, having a beginning, a middle and eventually an ending. Johannes Kepler in 1610 argued against the infinite Universe view, using observation he concluded that the Universe was indeed finite having a starting point somewhere in the distant past. Later in the 17th Century Sir Isaac Newton scientifically explained large scale motion throughout the Universe, and this view of an infinite Universe became redundant.
In 1848 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem Eureka, and though not a scientific work, Poe tried to explain the beginnings of the Universe based upon the knowledge of those times, knowledge gained through experimentation and observation. His work was, obviously, ignored by the scientific community, however in recent years a greater appreciation of his ideas has flourished.
According to Poe, the earliest state of matter was the primordial particle, it was a singular particle which was torn apart by a powerful repulsive force, the particle being fragmented into atoms then spread evenly throughout space until the repulsive force was exhausted. This ending of the repulsive force causes attraction to become a reaction, matter begins to clump together forming stars and star systems, thus the material Universe is drawn together by gravity, and finally collapsing and ending, returning the primordial particle and begins the process all over again.
This process, in a fashion, describes a Newtonian evolving Universe, which shares similar properties to a relativistic model of the Universe, and for this reason Poe anticipated some ideas of modern cosmology.
In 1929, Edwin Hubble presented a comprehensive observational foundation for the Big Bang Theory, he discovered, through experimental observations, that relative to the Earth, and all other observable bodies, planets, moons and stars, that galaxies are receding in every direction, this observation is now known as Hubble’s Law, and is consistent with Einstein’s General Relativity, the idea that the Universe is expanding, rapidly, not the bodies in space moving further outward and apart into an infinitely larger preexisting empty void, no, it’s the very fabric of existence is expanding.
Hubble’s Law contradicted the cosmological principle which states the Universe if viewed on a huge scale does not expand in any preferred direction. There was, of course, opposition within the scientific community to this expanding Universe, Fred Hoyle, argued that though the Universe was expanding, the idea that it had a beginning was pseudo-science, and resembled far too closely for his liking, religious interpretations of existence. He formulated, along with Thomas Gold and Hermann Bondi, the idea that the Universe was in a “steady state.”
It was Fred Hoyle who was responsible for coining the term “Big Bang” on BBC radio’s Third Programme, in March 1949. In the end, increasing observational evidence convinced most cosmologists that Hoyle’s Steady State model was incorrect and that the Big Bang was the theory that agreed best with observations.
With the development of better, more precise, technologies it as become apparent that no other theory of creation can explain the wide range of observations better than The Big Bang Theory, for this reason, observations and experimentations, it is the only theory viable.
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